Sunday, October 23, 2016

Scoliosis- Case Study.



A 12 year old boy is seeing you for a physical examination required for junior high school sports. You plan to evaluate him for scoliosis.

Q 1. Which screening method is the most sensitive for detecting scoliosis?

Answer: The "Forward Bending Test" which is accomplished by having the patient bend at the waist with feet together and hands hanging free. Observe the patient (with shirt off) from behind and note any elevation of the ribs or paravertebral muscle mass on one side. The elevation should be measured in degrees (inclinometers are available), and an inclination of 5 degrees or more should be evaluated further.

Q 2. Define Scoliosis?

Answer: Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine, usually accompanied by rotation and generally occurring in the thoracic or lumbar areas. It can occur with excessive kyphosis (posteriorly convex curvature) or lordosis (anteriorly convex curvature).

Q 3. On forward bending test, you find slight elevation of the left paravertebral muscles mass, which you estimate to be 7 degrees. The remainder of the examination is normal. You decide to obtain radiographs that show 12 degrees of angulation (Cobb angle).
This patient’s scoliosis is most likely:
A) Congenital.
B) Idiopathic.
C) Related to a tumor.
D) Secondary to infection.

Answer and Discussion

The correct answer is “B.” Idiopathic.

Most scoliosis that develops during adolescence is idiopathic. When there is no pain, fever, weight loss, or other warning signs (e.g., neurologic symptoms), the curvature is unlikely to be due to tumor or infection. “A,” congenital scoliosis, typically presents earlier in life.

Q 4. The most appropriate initial management plan for this patient includes:
A) Bracing.
B) Observation.
C) Physical therapy.
D) Surgery.

Answer And Discussion
The correct answer is “B.” Observation.

In an otherwise healthy patient with a curvature measured at <20 degrees, observation is appropriate. “C” is incorrect because physical therapy and exercise regimens do not seem to limit the progression of scoliosis. “A” and “D” are incorrect because bracing and surgery are typically not warranted for this degree of scoliosis. Repeat examination and possibly repeat radiographs are warranted, but if the scoliosis remains stable and mild, the patient is not likely to experience any significant progression
of disease with aging.
Bracing for scoliosis should be limited to those with idiopathic scoliosis and 20–40 degrees of angulation. Bracing is only effective if the child is still growing and <1 year past menarche if female.

2 comments:

  1. Hello, my name is Betty. i was diagnosed of HIV virus 4 years back. Before then, i was dating this Derrick guy. we had something great going on. Our love life only lasted for 8 months. the sixth and seven month of our relationship, i began feeling very weak every now and then. But i never suspected anything until I kept on experiencing different symptoms like having sore throats, constant headache, body weakness e.t.c. I decided to go for a medical check up. I was tested HIV positive. when the doctor broke the news to me, it was as if my whole world had crumbled. it dawned on me then that Derrick has been lying to me. i was very mad to an extent i almost committed suicide. But there was nothing i could do, other than weep and weep. ever since then, i have been spending heavily on medications, going from one medical clinic or the other so I can look healthy. Though since i was a kid, i love herbs a lot. i take herbal tea with grandma while growing so i am quite familiar with herbs. early last year, i was on the internet and on a particular health blog, to check for herbal medication as alternative. I saw many comments and read many testimonies. Until i came across a particular testimony on how Dr.ugo cured a patient from herpes simplex virus using pure natural herbs. i reached out to the doctor because I also was thinking Herpes had no cure. I told him about my HIV status.He encouraged me not to panic that he will help me get my deliverance. he prepared some herbs and sent them to me. The herbs were in four 70ml bottles and I took them morning and night. i used as he directed, and in less than three weeks, i started having appetite to eat plenty of food and i gained back my strength. the fourth week,I consumed all the herbal meds. He encouraged me to go for a test which i did. This time, the result was negative. I quickly contacted the doctor and informed him of the news. I immediately asked him to prepare for Derrick too. He did and sent it. Today, me and Derrick are HIV free. All thanks goes to God Almighty for healing us through Dr.Ugo. if you are having any kind of sickness at all, Dr.Ugo is the right person to talk to and i assure you, you will be glad you did. His email: ugoherbalhome@gmail.com you can also write him on WhatsApp +2348104990619.

    ReplyDelete
  2. Nice blog
    Have been totally convinced that HIV,and many others dangerous diseases can be best cured using the Herbal Medicine. Dr.Akpu the great and powerful herbalist cured me with his Herbal remedy. I'm Linda,15 years from Texas. I was born with HIV. I lost parents at my teenager age when I was 4th. I had to grew up with my mum only Sister, whom I loved so much. She was so worried about my life as my condition was her mature problem in life. I had taken lots of antiviral treatment to get ride of the virus not believing what there said HIV has no cure. I was on the internet when i came across blogs of testimony about a lady who where cured of a 7 years diagnose of Herpes by this powerful Herbalist, Dr.Akpu.I wrote down his mail @ Dr.akpupowerherbscenter@gmail.com
    I told my Aunt,luckily it was the same Dr,we where referred to few months back by my pastor in church whom members have being testifying about of his cure We did contacted him and explained my problem to him.He prepared the medicine and sent to me with details of how to use and apply. After a while, I began to feel more strong than never before, I felt so lucky and happy when my Doctor congratulated me that he could found no HIV virus again in me. I knew I was free cos my body was so strong. His herbal medicine should have saved my parents life, i said!
    Thanks so much for reading my article, you should share your testimony if you have cure as well
    Dr.akpupowerherbscenter@gmail.com
    Is the solution

    ReplyDelete