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Tuesday, September 1, 2015

A 60 Year Old Man With Numbness And Tingling In His Lower Extremities

A 60-year-old man comes in with a complaint of numbness and tingling in his lower extremities for about 10 months. He notes no weakness. He has had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 6 years and has a 30-pack-year smoking history.
Examination reveals decreased sensation to light touch, pin prick, and vibratory sensation in the feet extending to 7 cm below the knees symmetrically. You also notice lack of hair on his leg to the same level. Chest, abdomen, and upper extremities have normal sensation. His reflexes are 1+ in the upper extremities and quadriceps with absent Achilles bilaterally. The remainder of his neurological and general medical examination is unremarkable.

What is the most probable diagnosis?

Peripheral Neuropathy secondary to diabetes.



Case Discussion:

The peripheral nervous system connects the nerves from the brain and the spinal cord to the rest of the body. Any dysfunction or disease of theses peripheral nerves leads to a condition known as peripheral neuropathy.

A list of the causes of peripheral sensory neuropathy is given below:
1. Infectious causes:

  • Syphilis
  • Lyme disease
  • Mycoplasma
  • West Nile virus
  • Leprosy

2. Nutritional causes:

  • Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency
  • Folic acid deficiency
  • Vitamin B6 toxicity
  • Celiac disease

3. Drugs:

  • Metronidazole
  • Isoniazid
  • Phenytoin
  • Thalidomide

4. Metabolic Causes:

  • Diabetes
  • Hypothyroidism

5. Toxic:

  • Mercury
  • Thallium
  • Other heavy metals
  • Alcohol

6. Miscellaneous

  • Amyloid
  • Paraneoplastic syndromes
  • Mitochondrial diseases

1 comment:

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